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Letters Patent No. 77,795, dated .May 12, 1868.

IMPRQVEMEN T IN GUPDLA-FURNAUES.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN-z Be it 'known that I, FEDERAL'G. ADAMS, ofCincinnati, in the county of Hamilton, and Statepf Ohio, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Cupola-Furnaces; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe construction and operation of the sanie, rei'erence being bad to theannexed. drawings, mak ing part of this specification, in which Figure 1represents one side of my improved cupolafurnace, the outer casebeing-shown in section.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the line d d, fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a vertical section, showing theinterior of one-half of thecupola.

Figure l isa horizontal section, through the line ff, fig. 3.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the lining.

Eigure 6 is a longitudinal section of the same. 1 K

Figure 7 is a vertical section of the cap' of the centre t'uyere.

Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the lowerpart of the same.

Figure 9 is a top view of the plate, above the heating-chamber A in thechimney.

The general shape of the cnpola is as shown in fig. 3, the lining beingdrawn in from the bottom to a point just above the tuyeres, as shown bythe lines a band a 6 in said figure. Thence I gradually enlarge theinterior toward the top of the cupola, as shown by the lines 6 c and bc. This form is given to the interior of the cupola for the purpose ofretaining the stock above the tuyeres long enough to permit the iron inthe stock to become thoroughly melted, and also to prevent thehalf-melted stock or iron from coming 'in contact with the" tuyeresbelow, which would be the case if the sides'of the lining of the cupolawere straight from top to bottom.

Above the cupola proper, I place a heating-chamber, figs. 1 and 3,provided with openings B B B, or

more, as may be necessary, and a door, 0, which is the regularcharging-door. Another door,--D, fig. l,'is placed below this chamber,near the top of the cupola, to be used for observing and replenishingthe stock, when the stock in the cupola is nearly melted down. V

This heating-chamber A is to be filled' with iron through door 0, whichis then closed. The heat rising through the stock, strikes the arch E E,and is. throwndown again, passing again through the stock to theopenings 13 B, through which it passes ed. The iron'is thus thoroughlyheated before it passes into the cupola proper. v The opening G in thetop of the arc-his to be used when the cupola is being fired up. Theannular wall H H, forming a bottomfor a portion of the heating-chamber,is inclined or bevelled, as shown at K K, so that the stock will bedischarged therefrom, as it settles down in the centre of the opening. I

Below the annular wall, and between the outer case and the lining, andabove the chamber for heating the blast, is an air-chamber, F 'F, towhich air is admitted through the apertures I I, fig. 1, from without,or through the apertures from thc'blast heating chamber, ahdironi whichitis discharged into the cupola, through the openings S S S, under theprojecting edge oi the annularwal'l H, fofthe purpose of igniting thegases that may arise from the-melting mass below. 7 I

In the chimney above thearch of the upperheating-chamber A, I place aplatc, J, fig. 9, which may be,

made concave or convex, or of flat tile, to resist the heat from below,and to protect the arch from cold.air entering from above. This plate isprovided with openings M, at the sides, to permit the passage of thesmoke.

The cupolais surroundedbya case, L, figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, so as to forma space, N N, which space is divided- I by partitions O O 0 0 thepartitions O, O, and O rising from the bottom, and the partition 0descending from the top. The blast passes around these partitions andthrough the space N, and thus becomes heated.

This. chamber or blast-heater may be formed between the surface of theinner lining-wall and the cupola-case,"

by tubes orpassages built in the ivall.

For the better introduction of the blast, I arrange the tuyeres invarious positions and I' make them of various shapes, which will now bemore particularly described. A

Tuyeres have heretofore been placed aroundthe cupola in horizontallines, the tuyeres being of the same size, and placed at about equaldistances from each other, say from fourteen to sixteen inches apart,and they have also been set'en vertical lines,the tuyeres in thelatter-case being of-diilerent sizes. Tuyeres set in the way firstnamedare very apt to be clogged by melted clay o'rbrick, by reason of therebound or reaction of the blast, and the creation of an intense heatjust inside of the tuyere. Thismass bccomes burnt andset, and thehalf-melted iron and slag catching upon it, the eupola at length becomesbridged clear across the interior. To

avoid this difiieulty, I place tuyeres in diii'erent parts of th'ecupola, andinstcad of one large tuyeie, I employ a cluster of tuyeres,consisting of .two or more, as; shown at P Q R ST and- P Q R S T. Inthis way I am enabled to uselsm aller tuyeres, and to divide the blast,to create greater i'orce to penetrate the stool: in different places,and thus to create greater combustion'in or near the centre. of thefurnace. The tuyeres may he placed in an oblique-line or lines, as shownin the combinations Q, R S and R S U V, and thus the space for theintroduction of the blast may have a greater extent-laterally'than itthe tuyeres were arranged in the same vertical plane. I alsointroducetuyeres, as they may be needed, into the'spaces between the regularclusters abovedcscribed, placing these additional tuyeres, which are allof the same size at the outlet, at various heights and in irregularorder. Someof these additional tuyeres are shown at Q Q Q". By inclininga tuyere at its entrance to the cupola, so that insteadof entering in aradial line, it shall be slightly'incl'incd to the right or left,avertical or spiral motion may be girentothe blast, which Ihave found tobe of considerable utility.

Above all the tuyeres, except those shown at PQ R S T, Iplace arowof'tuyeres W W W W, figs, 3 and 4, set in a horizontal line, andenteringthe cupola with an jnclinationj'to the right or left, asdescribed .in the preceding paragraph, so as to produce awhirling orvertical motion of the blast within the cupola, thus gathering the blastto the centre, and while carrying it upthrough the contracted portion ofthe lining, protecting the walls from extreme heat, which would tend tomelt them, if the tuyeres were so set that their axeswere radial lines.

Another mode isthe employment of what I call slotted tuyeres, as shownat XX, figsll, 3, and 4., These tuyeres may be from sixteen totwenty-'four'inches in lengtlror height, and of proportionate width, asshown in the drawings. The advantage of a tuyere in this form is, thatit-ailo'rds'but small space at the top for the accumulation of dirt orslag, while itcocc'upies but'little room when projected'beyond thelining into the eupola, as they may be to any required distance. Thesetuyeres maybe set one above the other, or upon a spiral or, circularline around. the cupola. 7 They may be arranged horizontally, and in oneor more rows, with or without breakingjoints, and, if desired, they maybeinclined from the outer case to. the interior, as shown at X, fig, 2,so as to give to the blast the yertical motion already referred to.

For the purpose of introducing the blast to thevery-centre of thecupola, I employ the projecting tuyeres Y Y, and the centre tuyere Z ThetuyeresY Y maybe made stationary, or they may be made so as to. be runin and drawn out, as may be desired. These and all other projectingtuyercs are covered with fire-clay, orsome non-conductor, to resist theintense heat of theinterior.

The centre, tuyere Z, figs. 3, 4, 7, and 8, may enter from belowor froma projecting tuyere or tuyeres. It is provided with a cap on the top,beneath which, the blast issues, and by arranging the supports of thiscap, at an, angle, as shown-in figs.'7 and 8, a verticalmotion is givento the blast. This tuyereis useful in lighting the fir'e in the cupola,as it introduces oxygen to the centre of the stock or fuel. I

Thctuyeres P Q R S T above the contraction in'the cupola, are to be usedmainly in the early part of the smelting operation, to heat the plate orlinings above them, and, by 'radiation from the latter, the chamber A a.In this way the blast becomes more quickly and readily heated. Whenthese tuyercs are not needed, they are closed by the door B b. As themelting process goes on, the stockin thecupola settlesdown toward thebottom, whcre it becomes very closely packed. In this way dirt andslag-close up thespace in the fuel, and it becomes more difiicult topenetrate the mass with the blast. For this reason, I place more tuyercsbelow than above,'arranging them sometimes in a horizontal line in anincreasing and decreasing series, as shown by the tuyeres- R R PT S S Sfigs. 1 and 2.

Theouter end of some of the tuyeres I make larger than the inner end,and the slotted, tuyeres are made wider at the bottom of the outer end,the purpose, in both cases, being to create a greater force at one placethan at another. vThe discharge-end of the tuyere may be of anyconvenient shape, and while I have described a variety of modes ofarranging them, it is not necessary that all these methods should beused upon thesaine cupola.

Ilinemy cupola from the bottom of the series of t'uyeres W to the top ofthe cupola, with an iron plate, which may be put together in sections,and a portion of which is shown in figs. 5 and 6. This plate is providedwith numerous holes and countersunk depressions and points orprojections, as well as with cross'fianges, the" purpose of which is to,enable fire-clay or some'incornbustible medium to adhere to the plateand protect it.

This lining, at the contracted portion'of the eupola, projects from theinner case, thus forming a. chamber or space, A a A a, which may be usedas a blast-heating chamber, and for this purpose may be arranged likethe chamber N N. To protect the back ef the plates forming the liningwhen thus arranged, I admit the blast w through the openings in thecase, shown at O c, and discharge itat the opening D 01, so that theblast may circulate in rear of the plates, protecting them, and becomingheated in its passage.

Having thus described my improvements what I claim therein as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- i o v 1.. The general shapeofthe interior of a cupola-furnace, as described, that is: to say,gradually contracted from thebottom to a point above thetuyeres, andthence gradually enlarged to the top, as shown.

' 2. The heating-ch projecting over the lining, subs tantial1y as shown.

amber A above the'cupola, provided with openings B and door G, withthe.base-wall .H

.3. The air-heating chamber F, under the wall H,and between the liningand the outer case, with the open- "ings for the introduction anddischarge of air, substantially as described.

'4. The plateJin the chimney, with its smoke-"passages, substantially asshown, and for the purpose described. 5. The'outer case L, forming ablast-heating chamber, N, surroundingthe cupola, substantially asdescribed. 6. The partitions O O. O 0 in the blast-heating chamberN,s'ubstantially as and for the purposes described. 7. The space orchamber between the lining E'e, and the inner case, forthe purpose ofcooling the back of the lining, or heating the hlast, substantially asdescribed. I

8. The cupola-lining E e, composed of an iron plate or plates'coveredwith fire-clay or other non-conductor, as described. 7

9. Arranging the'tuyeres in a cluster, as shown by Q R S T.

10. The arrangement of tuyeres on an angular or spiral line, as shown bythe combinations P Q R S or R S U V.

11. The tuyeres set at an angle to a radial line, as shown at W,- forthe purpose of creating a tangential or vertical blast, as described. I

12. The arrangement of tuyeres, having the same size at the-outlet, oneabove the other, in regular or irregular order, substantially as and forthe purpose described. I l

13. The tuyeres Y'Y, projecting beyond the lining toward the centre ofthe cupola, as described. 14. The employment, in a cupola-furnacc, ofslotted tuyeres for the admission of the blast.

15. The slotted tuyeres constructed with the lower part of the outer endwider than the upper part, and projecting beyond the lining,substantially as shown. 7 16. The horizontal slotted tuyere's,constructed substantially as shown. 17. The upright centre tuyerc Z,surmounted by a cap, Z, whether introduced through the bottom or fromthe sides of the cupola, substantially as described. I 18. So arrangingthe tuyeres of a cupola-furnaee, as to employ a greater number belowthan above, for the purposes described.

19. The upper row of tuyeres W W W, substantiallyas and for the purposedescribed; 20. The combinatiorn'in the same cupol a-furnace, of tuyeresof difi'erent shapes and sizes, and located above and below each other,substantially as set forth. I

21. The 'inclinedsupports of the capof the centre tuyere Z, for thepurpose of introducing the blast with a vertical motion, as described. 1

22. In a horizontal series of tnyeres applied to a cupola-t'ui-nace,constructing the inlets of unequal size, as described. 7

v 23. In a'series of tuyeres placedon'e above the other, making some ofthem with the outer end of greater diameter than others, whilethe innerend remains of the same diameter, asdescribed.

24. The horizontal lineof tuyeres R R 1?, T, S, S and S in creasing andd.iminishing, substantially as shown.

I FEDERALC. ADAMS. Witnesses:

JAMES Moons, M. B. PHILIPP.

